Characterization and Classifications of Saline/Sodic Soils of Ambo Area of Irrigated Farm Land in Golina Watershed in Raya Valley, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Abstract
All soils are known to contain a certain amount of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. However, excessive enrichment of any one of them can interfere with many soil processes, including plant growth, and the effects depend on the degree of enrichment and the type of plant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the salt-affected soils of the Ambo area for irrigated farmlands in the Golina Watershed in Raya Kobo Woreda, Amhara region. One profile was excavated from an irrigated field to carry out this activity. One profile was excavated from the irrigated field to conduct this activity. Ten soil samples were taken from the soil profile at 2 m depth at 20 cm depth intervals. The samples were analyzed for several soil physical properties, including soil pH, soluble cations and anions, soluble salts (electrical conductivity, EC), exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K), total nitrogen, organic carbon, soluble phosphorus, percent exchangeable sodium, sodium absorption, and soil physical properties (soil color, texture, bulk density, and soil porosity). Chemical properties were also analyzed. The analysis showed that the irrigated farmland soils had a pH of 7.6 to 8.8, electrical conductivity of 1.3 to 14 dsm-1, organic carbon of 0.3 to 1.2%, total nitrogen of 0.11 to 0.35%, soluble phosphorus of 24 to 41.4 mg kg-1, and cation exchange capacity of 50.3 to 65.5 cmol(+) kg-1. The distribution of exchangeable calcium was not consistent across the soil profiles of the irrigated farmlands. In general, the top layer of soil at both sites (because of its agricultural use) was considered for EC, ESP, and pH values. The irrigated farmland soils were classified as saline soils.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Amal, A., Lalit, K. and Priyakant, S (2014). Mapping and modeling spatial variation in soil salinity in the Al-Hassa Oasis based on remote sensing indicators and regression techniques remote sensing, 6(2): 1137-1157.
Mustafa, A., Singh, R., Sahoo, A., Nayan, M., Khanna, A., Sarangi, B. and Mishra, K. 2011. Land suitability analysis for different crops: a multi criteria decision making approach using remote sensing and GIS.3-12.
Rengasamy, P (2006).World salinization with emphasis on Australia. Journal of experimental botany, 57(5): 1017–1023.
Sun, B., Zhou, S. and Zhao, Q. 2003.Evaluation of spatial and temporal changes of soil quality based on geo-statistical analysis in China. Geoderma, 115(6): 85-99.
Fayed, I. and Rate b, K (2013). Long-term cropping system impacts on some physical and chemical properties and fertility status in alluvial soils of Egypt. Soil, water and environment, 58(1): 9-18.
Liu, E., Yan, C., Mei, R., Bing, S., Ding, L., Liu, Q., Liu, S., and Fan, T. 2010. Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in North West China. Geoderma, 15(8): 173-180.
Bhadauria, S., Sengar, M., Dheeraj, M., Chatar, Singh, D. and Kushwah, B (2010). Sustainable land use planning through utilization of alkaline waste land by biotechnological intervention. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 9 (3): 325-337.
Singh, V.N., Mishra, B.B., Tiwary,J.R. and Singh, R.A (1995). Mineralogy of fine sand fraction of salt affected soils of eastern Bihar. Journal of Indian society of Soil Science, 43,117-121.
Rhoades, J. and Corwin, D (1990). Soil electrical conductivity: Effects of soil properties and application to soil salinity appraisal. Communication in soil science and plant analyses, 21(9): 836-860.
Mohamed Seid and Tessema Genenew (2013). Evaluation of soil and water salinity for irrigation in north-eastern Ethiopia: Case study of Fursa small scale irrigation system in Awash River Basin. African Journal of Environmental Science, 7(5):167-174.
Weiping, C., Zhenan, H. Laosheng, W. Yongchao, L and Changzhou, C (2010). Evaluating salinity distribution in soil irrigated with saline water in arid regions of North West China. Agricultural Water Management 97(12):2001-2008.
Farifteh, J Farshad, A. and George R.J (2006).Assessing salt-affected soils using remote sensing, solute modeling and geophysics. Geoderma, 30(2): 191-206.
Conway, T (2001). Plant materials and techniques for brine site reclamation, plant materials technical no e No 25, U.S. department of agriculture natural resource conservation service, Bridger, Montana.
Denise, Mc-W (2003). Soil salinity and sodicity limits efficient plant growth and water use, Rio Grande regional soil and water series guide A- 140, New Mexico state university, New Mexico.
BPMC, Bridger Plant Material Center (1996). Plant materials for saline-alkaline soils, Bridger plant materials technical note, revised No. 26.U.S. department of agriculture natural resource conservation service, Bridger.
Wendmkun G (2014). Groundwater modeling and optimization of irrigation water use efficiency to sustain irrigation in Kobo valley, Ethiopia. MSc thesis UNESCO-IHE institute for water education, Delft, and the Netherlands pp.10. White, E. 2006. Principles and practices of soil science: Soil as a natural resource. 4th ed. 133- 154.
Young A (1976).Tropical soils and soil survey. Cambridge university press.
FAO, Food agricultural organization (2006b).Plant nutrition for food security, Viale Delle Terme Di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy,
Sahlemedhin Sertsu and Taye Bekele (2000).Procedures for soil and plant analysis national soil research center, Ethiopian agricultural research organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 110p.
Blake, G.R (1965).particle density. Pp. 371-373. In methods of soil analysis, part 1, agronomy, no. 9, c.a. black, ed., American society of agronomy, Madison, wise.
Munsell Color Co. 2000. Munsell soil color charts. Baltimore: Munsell Color Company
FAO, Food Agricultural Organization Soil Survey Staff (1999). Soil taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. Second edition. Agricultural handbook 436. USDA-NRCS. Washington, DC. 869 p.
Nelson, D.W. and Sommer, L.E (1982).Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd edition. ASA-SSSA, Madison, 595-579.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V. and Watanabe, F.S (1954).Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA circular No. 939, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
Van Reeuwijk et al (2000). CCD-coupled X-ray image intensifier Journal of Applied Sep 29, 2000 research papers.1422 S. J.
Ziad, A, Ferdinand, B. and Ramata, M (2004). Modeling the backscattering coefficient of salt affected soils: application to Wadi el-natural bottom, Egypt.
Walia, C.S. and Rao, YS (1997). Characteristics and classification of some soils of Trans Yamuna plains. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 45: 156-162.
Dengiz O, Mustafa S, Esra F, Saygin F, Atasoy C (2012). Morphological and physico- chemical characteristics and classifications of vertisols developed on deltaic plain, Turkey. Open J. Soil Sci. 2:20-27.
Hillel, D. (1980). Fundamentals of soil physics. Academic press, Inc., London.
Jewitt, T.N., Law, R.D. and Virgo, KJ (1979). Outlook on agriculture as quoted by w.a.blochurs morphology and genesis of vertisols. In vertisols and rice soils of tropics, symposia of 121h International congress of soil science, New Delhi.
Pravin R, Dodha V, Vidya D, Manab C and Saroj M 2013. Soil bulk density as related to soil texture, organic matter content and available total nutrients of Coimbatore soil. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications.
Abayneh E (2001). Some physico-chemical characteristics of the Raya Valley report. Ethiopian Journal of Natural Resource.3 (2):179-193.
Hilinski (2001). Implementation of exponential depth distribution of organic carbon in the century model. Environmental science.
Frank, B (1990).Adapted from agricultural compendium; FAO and Booker (MTS).
FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization (1988). Salt affected soils and their management. FAO soils bulletin 39, Rome, Italy.
Tesfai, M., V. Dawod, K. Abresha (2002).Dry lands coordination group report no. 20, (march, 2002) dry lands co-ordination group.
Rhoades. D.A.Kandiah and A. M. Mashali (1992). The use of saline waters for crop Production, FAO irrigation and drainage paper 48. Rome: food and agriculture organization of the United Nations.
Lelago A, Mamo T, Haile W, Shiferaw H (2016).Assessment and Mapping of Status and Spatial Distribution of Soil Macronutrients in Kambata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Adv. Plants Agric. Res. 4(4):144.
Tekalign M, Haque I, (1991).Phosphorus status of some Ethiopian soils, ii forms and distribution of inorganic phosphates and their relation to available phosphorus. Tropical agriculture 68 (1): 2-8.
Seid M, Genanew T (2013). Evaluation of soil and water salinity for irrigation in north-eastern Ethiopia: case study of Fursa small scale irrigation system in awash river basin. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.7 (5):167-174.
Yihenew GS, Gizachew. A Eyasu E, Mekonnen G (2002). Soil characterization and land suitability evaluation to cereal crops in Yigossa watershed, northwestern Ethiopia. J. Agric. Sci. 6(5):199-206.
Vanessa, N. L. W., Richard, S. B. G., Ram, C. D., Brian, W. M, & Surender, M (2006).Carbon dynamics in salt-affected soils, the 18th world congress of soil science from 9-15 July 2006, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Landon, J.R (1984). Booker tropical soil manual: a handbook for soil survey and agricultural land evaluation in the tropics and sub tropics. Booker agriculture international limited, bath.
Ali, A., Esayas .A .and Beyene, S. (2010).Characterizing soils of Delbo Wegene watershed Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia for planning appropriate land management. Soil science and environmental management, 184-199.
Hailu, A. H., Kibret, K. and Gebrekidan, H (2015). Characterization and classification of soils of Kabe sub watershed in South Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Soil Science, 3, 137-146.
Landon, J.R. 1991. Booker Tropical Soil Manual: A Handbook for Soil Survey and Agricultural Land Evaluation in the Tropics and Sub-tropics. Scientific and Technical, New York.
Ashenafi Ali, Abayneh Esayas and Sheleme Beyene (2010).Characterizing soils of Delbo Wegene watershed, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia for planning appropriate land management. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management. 1(8): 184-199.
Dhembare, J (2012). Assessment of water quality indices for irrigation of Dynaneshwar dam ahmeden agar, Maharashtra, India. Archives of applied science research, 4 (1):348- 352.
Van Voast, W. A, (2003). Geochemical signature of formation waters associated with coal bed methane. American association of petroleum geologists. 87(4): 667-676.var.acephala in floating raft culture. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89:1682–1689.
USSLS (United State Salinity Laboratory Staff) (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agriculture hand book 60, USDA, Washington DC.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v5i3.379
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.