Effects of Lower Seed Rate and Seed Class on Multiplication Ratio, Quality, and Yield of Malt Barley (Hordeum Distichon L.) Under Rainfed Condition in Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
Abstract
The average yield of barley in Ethiopia is low (2.5 t /ha), as compared to the genetic yield potential of the released varieties (4.0 t -5.0 t /ha). This low productivity is due to several constraints such as poor quality and inadequate breeder seed availability for further multiplication of early-generation seeds. Thus, the experiment was conducted to determine the effects of seed rate and seed class on seed multiplication ratio, seed yield, and seed quality of malt barley at Debre Birhan from 2019 to 2020. An experiment consisted of a factorial combination of four seed rates (40, 60, 80, and 100) kg/ha and three seed classes (breeder, pre-basic and basic) laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that seed rates significantly influenced (P<0.05) seed yield and seed multiplication ratio. On the contrary, all seed quality parameters evaluated was not significantly affected by seed rates and seed classes of malt barley. The maximum (71) and minimum (39) seed multiplication ratios were recorded from the lower seed rate (40kg/ha) and the recommended seed rate 100 kg/ha respectively. On the other hand, the maximum (3960.90kg/ha) and minimum (2844.70kg/ha) seed yield were obtained from the recommended seed rate of 100kg/ha and lower seed rate of 40kg/ha respectively. However, 40kg/ha has a 28.18% yield penalty as compared to the recommended rate in the study area. As a recommendation, seed rates as low as 80 kg/ha can be used at the three seed classes with high impute and good management to accelerate early generation seed supply in the Debre Birhan and similar areas during the main production season. However, when breeder or nucleus seed shortage occurs, seed rates as low as 60 kg/ha can be used at the three seed classes of malt barley to accelerate early generation seed supply.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
A. Jan, I. Hamid, and T.J. Muhammad, "Yield and yield component of wheat as influenced by seeding rates and sowing dates," Pak. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 323-325, 2000.
A.A. Abdul-Baki and J.D. Anderson, "Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria," Crop Science, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 630-633, 1973.
A.J. Gastel, G. Van Z, Z. Bishaw, and B.R. Gregg, "Wheat seed production," in B.C. Curtis, S. Rajaram, and H.G. Macpherson, Eds., Bread Wheat, FAO, Rome, Italy, 2002.
C.P. Peixoto et al., "Periods of sowing and density of soya plants on components of production and grain yields," Agricultural Science, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 89-96, 2000, doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162000000100015.
Central Statistical Agency (CSA), "Agricultural sample survey report on area and production of crops (private peasant holdings, Meher season)," Statistical Bulletin 584, CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
Ethiopia Quality Standards Authority (EQSA), "Malting barley specification," Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2006.
F. Fiala, Handbook of Vigor Test Methods, ISTA publications, USA, 1987.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Estimates of world production and harvested area," pp. 1-254, 2014.
G.G. Vazquez, N.M. Carvalho, and M.M.Z. Borba, "Reduction in plant population on soybean seed productivity and physiological quality," Brazilian Seed Magazine, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 111, 2008.
H. Awgechew, H. Gebrekidan, and A. Mola, "Nutrient status of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) produced along the bank of river Beressa," Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 179-180, 2015, DOI: 10.5897/JHF2015.0385.
H. Zhang et al., "Impact of plant population and environmental factors on barley seedling traits," Crop Science, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1892-1901, 2015.
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), International Rules for Seed Testing 2020, ISTA, Switzerland, 2020.
ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, Bassersdorf, Switzerland, 2014.
J. T. O'Donovan et al., "Barley seeding rate influences plant development and seed yield," Agronomy Journal, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 589-596, 2011.
J.D. Maguire, "The speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor," Crop Sci., vol. 2, pp. 176-177, 1962.
J.M. Shah et al., "Growth and physiological characterization of low nitrogen responses in Tibetan wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare)," Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 861-868, 2009.
J.S. Sandhu, "Status of breeder seed production and its implications," in A.K. Singh, Ed., Golden Jubilee Souvenir 2012-13, National Seeds Corporation Ltd., New Delhi, 2013, pp. 27-28.
K. Karta, A. Abebe, and E. Astawus, "Lower Seed Rates Favor Seed Multiplication Ratio with Minimal Impact on Seed Yield and Quality," Ethiopia Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 49-58, 2015.
K.A. Gomez and A.A. Gomez, Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
K.N. Harker et al., "Seed size and seeding rate effects on canola emergence, development, yield, and seed weight," Can. J. Plant Sci., vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2014, doi: 10.4141/CJPS-2014-222.
L. Admassu, S. Hunduma, and A. Mekonnen, "Effects of Seed Rates and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Yield, Yield Components, and Grain Quality of Malt Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia," Journal of Natural Sciences Research, vol. 11, no. 19, 2020, doi: 10.7176/JNSR/11-19-01.
L. J. Wade and M. A. Froment, "Variety maintenance and seed class performance in cereal crops," Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 567-576, 2003.
L. M. Jones et al., "High seed vigor enhances rapid field establishment and yield potential," Advances in Seed Science, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 412-426, 2023.
M. A. Khan et al., "Effect of seed moisture content on seed viability and storage potential," Seed Science Research, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 234-246, 2020.
M.C.C. Tourino, P.M. Rezende, and N. Salvador, "Spacing, density and sowing uniformity on productivity and agronomic characteristics of soybean," Brazilian Agricultural Research, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1071-1077, 2002, doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2002000800004.
P. Singh et al., "Improving seed longevity through optimal drying techniques," International Journal of Seed Science, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 98-110, 2021.
P.M. Gaur et al., Chickpea Seed Production Manual, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2010.
R. K. Patel et al., "Correlation of early seedling traits with seed vigor in cereal crops," Journal of Agronomic Research, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 321-334, 2022.
R. Sharma et al., "Seeding rate reduction enhances tillering and seed vigor in barley," Agricultural Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 78-85, 2018.
R. Sharma, B. Singh, and S. Verma, "Barley seed multiplication strategies under variable seeding rates," Indian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 12-19, 2018.
S. Bekele, T. Yoseph, and T. Ayalew, "Growth, protein content, yield and yield components of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties in response to seeding rate at Sinana District, Southeast Ethiopia," Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 61-71, 2020, doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200604.12.
S.O. Procópio et al., "Cross-planting in soybean using a cultivar with an indeterminate growth habit," Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 319-325, 2013, doi: 10.4322/rca.2013.048.
SAS, User's Guide, Statistics, Version 9.4 Edition, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, 2012.
T. Geleta, "Seed rate and sowing method effects on seed quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties in Horo District, Western Ethiopia," Seed Researcher, Technology Multiplication and Seed Research Department, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, 2015.
T. K. Turkington et al., "Optimizing barley seed multiplication through agronomic practices," Field Crops Research, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 160-168, 2012.
T.A. Wasie and B. Shibie, "Effects of Seed Rate on Seed Multiplication Ratio, Seed Quality and Yield of Malt Barley Seed Classes Under Irrigated Conditions in Northwest Amhara," Journal of Tropical Crop Science, vol. 11, no. 01, pp. 1-8, 2024, doi: 10.29244/jtcs.11.01.1-8.
U.A. Soomro et al., "Effects of sowing method and seed rate on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)," World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 159-162, 2009.
W. Menegaz et al., "Multiplication of soybean seeds at low seeding rates," Agroscience (Uruguay), vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 45-52, 2018, doi: 10.31285/agro.22.1.5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v6i2.418
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.