Morphometry of Mango Varieties and Sociodemographic Factors Influencing Mango Production in Uganda
Abstract
Mangoes are Uganda’s most extensively distributed fruit crop. This study documented the morphological characteristics of mango fruit varieties and farming practices aimed at developing value-added food products. A total of 390 mango growers participated in the survey. A digital weighing scale and Vernier caliper were used to measure the morphological characteristics of mango fruits at physiological maturity. Twenty-two mango varieties were identified. Kagoogwa, Apple mango, and Doodo were the common varieties grown by over 30% of the growers. Kent, Tommy Atkins, and Bire were also widely grown, as reported by over 20% of growers. Of the six commonly grown varieties, four were indigenous, namely, Kagoogwa, Apple mango, Doodo, and Bire. Kent recorded the highest fruit weight (830.00 g) and Koona had the lowest (107.50 g). Principal component (PC) analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 explained 85.93% of the overall variation in data. PC1 explained 76.06% of the variation and PC2 accounted for 9.87%. Both PC1 and PC2 were positively linked to fruit and pulp weights. However, PC1 had a substantial influence with an eigenvalue of 5.32 while PC2 had an eigenvalue of 1.69. Non-indigenous varieties were larger (p<0.05) and had more pulp than indigenous varieties. The study provides insights into mango diversity in Uganda and highlights the potential for commercial exploitation of these fruits in the development of nutrient-rich food products.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
P. Lokare, and S. Fatima, “Preliminary survey on diseases of mango (Mangifera indica) under nursery conditions,” Flora and Fauna, vol. 26, no.2, pp. 88–92, 2020, doi:10.33451/florafauna.v26i1pp88-92.
FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistical database on food and agriculture. 2021.
Xinhua. Scientists in Uganda develop technique to boost mango production during off season. 2017. Retrieved from http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-02/14/c_136054021.htm
W. Selina, Mangoes prices in Uganda. Selina Wamucii Insights. 2023. Retrieved from https://www.selinawamucii.com/insights/prices/uganda/mangoes/.
World Bank. Country profile: Uganda. 2020. Retrieved from https://wits.worldbank.org/countryprofile/en/uga
Y. Dijkxhoorn, M. V. Galen, J. Barungi, J. Okiira, J. Gema, and V. Janssen, “The vegetables and fruit sector in Uganda: competitiveness, investment and trade options. Wageningen University and Research,” 2019.
W. Zhang, G. Zhu, and G. Zhu, “The imitation and creation of a mango flavor. Food Science and Technology,” vol. 42, pp. e34622, 2022.
M. García-Mahecha, H. Soto-Valdez, E. Carvajal-Millan, T. J. Madera-Santana, M. G. Lomelí-Ramírez, and C. Colín-Chávez, “Bioactive compounds in extracts from the agro-industrial waste of Mango,” In Mol., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 458, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010458.
V. Marcillo-Parra, M. Anaguano, M. Molina, D. S. Tupuna-Yerovi, and J. Ruales, “Characterization and quantification of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in three different varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel from the Ecuadorian region using HPLC-UV/VIS and UPLC-PDA,” NFS Journal, vol. 23, pp. 1–7, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2021.02.001.
G. Ddamulira, I. Ramathani, T. Sebikejje, R. Naluyimba, A. Otim, A. Pariyo, and M. Maphosa, “Mango yield performance in Lake Victoria Cresent region of Uganda,” Am. J. Plant Sci., vol. 10, pp. 1141–1153, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.107082.
D.Acema, “Assessment of mango pests, diseases and orchard management practices in West Nile zone of Uganda,” Agric. For. Fish., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 57–63, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20160503.15.
M. C. Kemayou, M. C. Solefack, G. Annih, C. U. Dzoyem, N. S. Koulagna, and S. M. Takoudjou, “Morphological and physical diversity of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) of local varieties found in Noun and Lekié Localities (Cameroon) ,” Sustain. Agric. Res., vol. 12, no. 1, 2023, https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v12n1p1.
E. M. Okoth, D. N Sila, C. A. Onyango, W. O. Owino, S. M. Musembi, and F. M. Mathooko, “Evaluation of physical and sensory quality attributes of three mango varieties at three stages of ripeness, grown in lower eastern province of Kenya - part 1,” J. Anim. Plant. Sci., vol. 17 no. 3, pp. 2608–2618, 2013.
B. E. Isabirye, A. M. Akol, H. Muyinza, I. Rwomushana, P. C. Stevenson, A. Mayamba, W. Aool, and A. M. Akol, “Fruit fly (Diptera Tephritidae) host status and relative infestation of selected mango cultivars in three agro-ecological zones in Uganda,” Int. J. Fruit. Sci., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 23–41, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2015.1042821.
H. Huang, L. Wang, D. Qiu, N. Zhang, and F. Bi, “Changes of morphology, chemical compositions, and the biosynthesis regulations of cuticle in response to chilling injury of banana fruit during storage,” Front. Plant. Sci., vol. 12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.792384.
Z. Lu, H. P. Fleming, and R. F. McFeeters, “Effects of fruit size on fresh cucumber composition and the chemical and physical consequences of fermentation,” J. Food. Sci., vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 2934–2939, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08841.x.
IPGRI, “Descriptors for mango (Mangifera indica L),” International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 2006.
S. Akhter, M. McDonald, R. Marriott, M. Jashimuddin, and M. Bashirul-Al-Mamun, “Morphological, nutritional and medicinal traits of wild mango (Mangifera Sylvatica Roxb.): Implications for increased use and options for cultivar development,” Trees, Forests and People, vol. 6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100126.
J. C. Vieccell, D. L. de Siqueira, W.M. da Silva Bispo, and L. M. C. Lemos, “Characterization of leaves and fruits of mango (Mangifera indica L.) CV. IMBU,” Rev. Bras. Frutic., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 153, 2016.
G.K. Akurugu, N. S. Olympio, D. Ninfaa, and E. Y. Karbo, “Evaluation of postharvest handling and marketing of mango (Mangifera Indica) in Ghana; A case study of Northern Region,” J. Res. Agric. Anim. Sci., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 4-9, 2016.
Y. Dessalegn, H. Assefa, T. Derso, and M. Tefera, “Mango production knowledge and technological gaps of smallholder growers in Amhara region, Ethiopia,” Am. J. Eng. Res., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 28–39, 2014.
C. Jost, F. Kyazze, J. Naab, S. Neelormi, J. Kinyangi, and R. Zougmore, “Understanding gender dimensions of agriculture and climate change in smallholder farming communities,” Clim. Dev., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 133–144, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1050978.
A. Robinson-Pant, “Learning knowledge and skills for agriculture to improve rural livelihoods,” UNESCO, International Fund for Agricultural Development, 2016, https://doi.org/10.54675/MVBQ1464.
E. L. Okorley, L. Acheampong, and M. T. E. Abenor, “The current status of mango farming business in Ghana: A case study of mango farming in the Dangme West district,” Ghana J. Agric. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 73-80, 2013.
L. L. T. Coral, and H. A. Escobar-Garcia, “Characterization of fruits of varieties of mango (Mangifera indica) conserved in Peru,” Rev. Bras. Frut., vol. 43, no. 2, 2021, https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021710.
D. Bairwa, and G. Sharma, “Classification of fruits based on shape, color and texture using image processing techniques,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Techno., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 110–114, 2017.
A. B. Ndeko, G. B. Chuma, J. M. Mondo, L. M. Kazamwali, Y. Mugumaarhahama, E. B. Bisimwa, and G. N. Mushagalusa, “Growers’ preferred traits, production constraints and adoption factors of improved maize varieties under South-Kivu rainfed agro-ecologies, Eastern D.R. Congo: Implication for maize breeding,” Res. Square, pp. 1–42, 2022, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1893945/v1.
H. N. Isaboke, and J. K. Musyoka, “Analysis of the factors affecting farm-level output of mangoes among small-scale growers in Mwala Sub-County,” Int. J. Agric. Techno., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 991–1000, 2022.
R. Joshi, M. Kundu, and C. P. Singh, “Morphological characters: Efficient tool for identification on different mango cultivars,” Envir. Ecol., vol. 31, no. 1a, pp. 385–388, 2012.
R. J. Schnell, J. S. Brown, C. T. Olano, A. W. Meerow, R. J. Campbell and D. N. Kuhn, “Mango genetic diversity analysis and pedigree inferences for Florida cultivars using microsatellite markers,” J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., vol. 131, pp. 214–224, 2006.
S. Hussen, and Z. Yimer, “Assessment of production potentials and constraints of mango (Mangifera indica) at Bati, Oromia zone, Ethiopia,” Int. J. Sci. Basic. Appl. Res., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2013.
M. Khan, and N. Ahmed, “Sustainable management of mango nutrition for better yield and quality,” Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 473–501, 2021, doi: 10.46909/cerce-2020-040.
S. H. A. Shaaban, and M. M. “Impact of the nutritional status on yield of nine mango cultivars grown under farm conditions at Giza Governorate, Egypt,” J. Am. Sci., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 304–310, 2012.
S. L. Bithell, Y. Diczbalis, and C. Moore, “Review of mango irrigation research in the Northern Territory,” Technical Bulletin No. 334, Northern Territory Government, Australia, 2010.
C. A. Abodunde, and B. C. Akin-Osanaiye, “Conversion of orange and pineapple fruit peel waste into single cell protein using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ” Int. J. Food Agric. Nat. Resour., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 14– 20, 2023, https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i3.147.
A. Singh, M. Tyagi, and C. P. Singh,“Studies on morphology and physical attributes of mango varieties,” Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 2324–2330, 2017.
J. H. Crane, J. Wasielewski, C. F. Balerdi, and I. Maguire, “Mango growing in the Florida home landscape,” University of Florida, pp.1-10, 2017.
N. Ledesma, The genetic diversity of mangoes, In P. Lu, and V.G. Sauco ed., Achieving sustainable cultivation of mangoes. London: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2018.
B. N. Tewodros, K. R. W. Fredah, and M. A. Wassu, “Mango (Mangifera indica L.) production practices and constraints in major production regions of Ethiopia,” Afr. J. Agric. Res., vol. 14, pp. 185–196, 2019.
A. K. Singh, N. K.Charmkar, and R. Singh, “Mango (Mangifera indica L): morphological and genetical diversity in India,” Int. J. Pure. Appl. Biosc., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 382–395, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7425.
H. Begum, M. T. Reddy, S. Malathi, B. P. Reddy. G. Narshimulu, J. Nagaraju, and E. A. Siddiq, “Microsatellite analysis of intracultivar diversity in ‘Chinnarasam’ mango from Andhra Pradesh India,” Afr. Crop. Sci. J., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 109–11, 2013.
A. Igbari, G. Nodza, and O. Ogundipe, “Morphological characterization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars from south-west Nigeria,” Ife J. Sci., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 155, 2019, https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v21i1.13.
K. Felix, K. Paul, O. Paul, T. Bernard, J. Lillian, H. Ojulong, and Nicholas, L. “Multivariate analysis of nutritional diversity of selected macro and micro nutrients in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) varieties,” Afr. J. Food Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 103–112, 2015.
S. Abe, T. L. Maryke, G. S. Nemera, and V. B. Angeline, “Multivariate analysis of nutritional diversity in sorghum landraces accession from western Ethiopia,” J. Biol. Sci., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 67–74, 2013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v6i1.469
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.