Veterinary Drug Use Pattern in livestock and Its Public Health Significance, Gondar Town Veterinary Clinic, Northern Ethiopia


Teklu Yitbarek Mekoya, Selamawit Fentahun


Abstract


A cross-sectional and retrospective study design and simple random sampling strategy was conducted in Gondar town veterinary clinic, northern Ethiopia with the aim of evaluating drug use pattern and show public health significance of irrational veterinary drug use. A total of 2117 drugs were prescribed to 1717 veterinary patients randomly selected from the case registry in this study. The result indicates average number of drugs prescribed per case was 1.23 and the maximum of three drugs was prescribed. The percentages of antimicrobial, anthelmintic, endectocide and other drugs prescribed were 1182 (55.7%), 481 (22.7%), 426 (20.1%), and 28 (1.3%), respectively. All patients were treated without correct laboratory support. As a result, antimicrobials were inappropriately prescribed in 1.4% of viral diseases, 0.2% of external parasitic diseases, 0.8% of internal parasitic diseases, 0.3% of metabolic diseases, 0.1% of fungal diseases, and anthelmintics in 0.1% of bacterial diseases and 0.5% of external parasitic diseases. 2013/2117 (95.1%) the route of administration of the prescribed drugs was not stated. Clinic professionals were 80% animal health assistants and 20% veterinarians. The results reveal problems with correct diagnosis, low level of education of prescribers, few essential drugs, absence of standard veterinary drug lists, and inappropriate drug use; these all principals to public health significance. Therefore, the availability of key essential drugs should improve and available drugs be prescribed with its appropriate doses, routes, and regimens. Veterinarians should be made aware of the irrational use of veterinary drugs and their public health implications.


Full Text:

PDF

References


EMA/CVMP, “Guidance on the classification of veterinary medicinal products indicated for minor use minor species (MUMS) / limited market,” Ema/Cvmp/388694/2014, vol. 44, no. 15 September, pp. 1–15, 2014.

Ambwani S. and Mathur A., “Rational drug use.,” Heal. Adm., vol. XIX, pp. 2–5, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317491410

F. D. Sema, E. D. Asres, and B. D. Wubeshet, “Evaluation of rational use of medicine using WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators at Teda and Azezo Health Centers, Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia,” Integr. Pharm. Res. Pract., pp. 51–63, 2021.

N. A. Kshirsagar, “Rational use of medicines: Cost consideration & way forward,” Indian J. Med. Res., vol. 144, no. 4, pp. 502–505, 2016.

J.-L. Cracowski et al., “Prevention of risks associated with inappropriate use/unnecessary consumption of medicines,” Therapies, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 79–88, 2022.

A. Neiva and M. Trevisan, “Influência do armazenamento e prazo de validade na estabilidade e ocorrências de eventos adversos no uso de medicamentos,” Res. Soc. Dev., vol. 10, no. 15, pp. e91101522341–e91101522341, 2021.

D. Kroon et al., “Effectiveness of interventions aiming to reduce inappropriate drug prescribing: an overview of interventions,” J. Pharm. Heal. Serv. Res., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 423–433, 2021.

J. Wu Haoting, Zhao and J. Wan, “A Review of Veterinary Drug Residue Detection: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 13, p. 10413, 2023.

M. Getahun, R. B. Abebe, A. K. Sendekie, A. E. Woldeyohanis, and A. E. Kasahun, “Evaluation of antibiotics residues in milk and meat using different analytical methods,” Int. J. Anal. Chem., vol. 2023, 2023.

D. Dessie, “Review on effect of antimicrobial residual on human health,” Int. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 35–41, 2019, doi: 10.33545/26649926.2019.v1.i2a.44.

M. G. Feleke, R. B. Abebe, A. K. Sendekie, A. E. Woldeyohannis, and A. E. Kasahun, “Determination of antibiotic drug residues in milk and meat using different analytical methods: a review,” 2022.

L. Cantón, C. Lanusse, and L. Moreno, “Veterinary drug residues in meat-related edible tissues,” in New Aspects of Meat Quality, Elsevier, 2022, pp. 755–783.

V. Ćupić, S. Dobrić, B. Antonijević, and S. Čelebićanin, “The significance of rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine for food safety,” Sci. journal" Meat Technol., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 74–79, 2011.

ESS, “Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Statistical Service; Agricultural Sample Survey; Report on livestock and livestock characteristics (private peasant holdings),” Stat. Bull., vol. 2, pp. 15–28, 2022.

D. Tulu, S. Gadissa, F. Hundessa, and E. Kebede, “Contribution of climate-smart forage and fodder production for sustainable livestock production and environment: lessons and challenges from Ethiopia,” Adv. Agric., vol. 2023, pp. 1–11, 2023.

A. G. DESTA, “Challenges of the forage crops in northwestern Ethiopia,” 2023.

J. D. Kitessa, A. K. Deressa, and Y. T. Terefa, “Assessment of animal health and production constraints: The case of three districts,” Vet. Med. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 391–399, 2023.

A. Nuguse and F. Gemechu, “A Retrospective Study on Common Animal Diseases from 2018 to 2022 in Gida Ayana District, East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia,” World J. Med. Case Reports, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 26–31, 2023.

Z. Abro, G. M. Fetene, M. Kassie, and T. M. Melesse, “Socioeconomic burden of trypanosomiasis: Evidence from crop and livestock production in Ethiopia,” J. Agric. Econ., vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 785–799, 2023.

W. Seyoum, C. Ejigu, and E. Tora, “Prevalence, Risk Factors and Control Practices of Livestock Hirudiniasis in Mirab Abaya District, Southern Ethiopia,” Vet. Med. Res. Reports, pp. 79–90, 2023.

E. Getachew, S. Aragaw, W. Adissie, and A. Agalu, “Antibiotic prescribing pattern in a referral hospital in Ethiopia,” Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, vol. 7, no. 38, pp. 2657–2661, 2013.

T. Beyene, D. Endalamaw, Y. Tolossa, and A. Feyisa, “Evaluation of rational use of veterinary drugs especially antimicrobials and anthelmintics in Bishoftu , Central Ethiopia,” BMC Res. Notes, pp. 1–8, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1466-4.

T. Beyene et al., “Assessment of rational veterinary drugs use in livestock at Adama District Veterinary Clinic, Central Ethiopia,” J Vet. Sci Techno, vol. 7, no. 319, p. 2, 2016.

G. Mojo, S. Fentahun, and T. Bihonegn, “Assessment of rational use of veterinary drugs in Modjo Veterinary Clinic, Ethiopia,” J. Anim. Res., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 667–673, 2019.

B. Berihun, E. Kebede, M. Birhan, and A. Mohammed, “ASSESSMENT OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERNS OF VETERINARY DRUGS IN GONDAR , NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA,” vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 125–133, 2019.

H. S. Mekonnen et al., “Community’s misconception about COVID-19 and its associated factors among Gondar town residents, Northwest Ethiopia,” Trop. Med. Health, vol. 48, pp. 1–9, 2020.

H. Belachew et al., “Sick building syndrome and associated risk factors among the population of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia,” Environ. Health Prev. Med., vol. 23, pp. 1–9, 2018.

A. Tegegne, Transhumance cattle production system in North Gondar, Amhara region, Ethiopia: is it sustainable?, vol. 14. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD), 2009.

K. Holloway and L. van Dijk, “Rational use of medicines.,” 2011.

A. A. Desalegn, “Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study,” BMC Health Serv. Res., vol. 13, pp. 1–6, 2013.

Y. K. Anagaw et al., “Assessment of prescription completeness and drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in private community pharmacies in Addis Ababa: a cross-sectional study,” J. Pharm. Policy Pract., vol. 16, no. 1, p. 124, 2023.

T. Beyene and B. Tesega, “Rational veterinary drug use: Its significance in public health,” J. Vet. Med. Anim. Heal., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 302–308, 2014, doi: 10.5897/JVMAH2014.0332.

H. Amane and P. Kop, “Prescription analysis to evaluate rational use of antimicrobials,” Int J Pharmacol Biol Sci, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 314–319, 2011.

S. S. Ahmad, N. K. Agrawal, and A. Ahmad, “Assessment of drug rationality by World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs indicators in the department of ophthalmology A descriptive study in North India,” Natl. J. Physiol. Pharm. Pharmacol., vol. 11, no. 4, p. 429, 2021.

Y. S. Yimer, G. T. Addis, and M. A. Alemu, “Evaluation of prescription completeness, rational drug-use patterns using WHO prescribing, patient-care and facility indicators in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study,” SAGE Open Med., vol. 10, p. 20503121221122424, 2022.

D. B. Mamo and B. K. Alemu, “Rational drug-use evaluation based on World Health Organization core drug-use indicators in a tertiary referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional Study,” Drug. Healthc. Patient Saf., pp. 15–21, 2020.

B. Dessie, G. Atalaye, E. Diress, and A. Getahun, “Practice towards rational drug use at Finotselam and Asirade Zewudie Hospitals based on WHO core drug use indicators, Northwest Ethiopia,” Sci. World J., vol. 2020, 2020.

B. Kebede and B. Asredaw, “Prescription Completeness, Rational Prescribing, and Dispensing Practice at Referral Hospital, Ethiopia,” Age (Omaha)., vol. 619, no. 92.53, p. 100, 2020.

A. A. Alehegn, R. G. Aklilu, K. A. Tadesse, B. A. Tegegne, and Z. D. Kifle, “Assessment of drug use practices using standard who indicators in Lumame primary Hospital,” Drug. Healthc. Patient Saf., pp. 59–69, 2021.

A. B. Berha and N. Seyoum, “Evaluation of drug prescription pattern using world health organization prescribing indicators in tikur anbessa specialized hospital: a cross–sectional study,” J. Drug Deliv. Ther., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 74–80, 2018.

WHO, “Monitoring antimicrobial usage in food animals for the protection of human health: report of a WHO consultation, Oslo, Norway, 10-13 September 2001,” World Health Organization, 2002.

E. Balcha and T. Shawano, “Veterinary Drug Prescribing Practices at AtesoVeterinary Clinic ofMasha Woreda, Sheka Zone, South West Ethiopia,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Environ., vol. 03, no. 04, pp. 01–13, 2022, doi: 10.47504/ijagri.2022.3.4.1.

M. Mensa, T. Tadesse, and A. Ayele, “Assessment of drug use pattern by using WHO core drug use indicators at public hospitals in Ethiopia,” J Community Med Heal. Educ, vol. 7, no. 559, pp. 2161–2711, 2017.

M. Sisay, G. Mengistu, B. Molla, F. Amare, and T. Gabriel, “Evaluation of rational drug use based on World Health Organization core drug use indicators in selected public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study,” BMC Health Serv. Res., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2017.

M. Etefa, A. F. Beyi, D. Ayana, T. J. Beyene, and T. B. Tufa, “Veterinary drug prescribing practices at selected district veterinary clinics of rift valley areas of Ethiopia,” Vet. Med. Int., vol. 2021, 2021.

E. R. Bollig, J. L. Granick, T. L. Webb, C. Ward, and A. L. Beaudoin, “A quarterly survey of antibiotic prescribing in small animal and equine practices—Minnesota and North Dakota, 2020,” Zoonoses Public Health, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 864–874, 2022.

P. M. Dowling, “Antimicrobial drug residues in foods of animal origin,” Antimicrob. Ther. Vet. Med., pp. 431–441, 2013.

S. Arshad, S. Mahmood, S. Rasool, S. Hayat, S. Zafar, and T. Zehra, “Rational Drug use in Pakistan: A systematic review,” J. Pharm. Pract. community Med., vol. 2, no. 4, 2016.

C. Kassahun, A. Adem, M. Zemen, G. Getaneh, and K. Berrie, “Identification of commonly used anthelmintic drugs and evaluation of their utilization in University of Gondar veterinary clinic,” J. Vet. Sci. Technol, vol. 7, p. 81, 2016.

S. F. Ali, “Review on rational use of antmicrobials in veterinary practice,” Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Clin. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 70–77, 2019.

F. Koji, A. Kumbe, and A. Beyene, “Cross-sectional Assesses on Irrational Use of Veterinary Drugs in Adami Tulu Jiddo Kombolcha Distrct , East Shoa Zone , Oromia Regional State , Ethiopia,” vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 22–27, 2020, doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20200803.11.

FDRE, “a Proclamation To Provide for Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control,” Fed. Negarit Gaz., vol. 14, pp. 6271–6288, 2012.

T. Gudeta and D. Mechal, “Patient knowledge of correct dosage regimen; the need for good dispensing practice,” J. Prim. Care Community Health, vol. 10, p. 2150132719876522, 2019.

Z. Hassan et al., “Assessment of medication dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease,” Cureus, vol. 13, no. 2, 2021.

L. Canton, C. Lanusse, and L. Moreno, “Rational pharmacotherapy in infectious diseases: issues related to drug residues in edible animal tissues,” Animals, vol. 11, no. 10, p. 2878, 2021.

V. Ćupić, L. Turubatović, B. Antonijević, R. Velev, S. Čelebićanin, and D. Ćupić, “Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine and food safety,” J. Hyg. Eng. Des., vol. 4, pp. 20–25, 2013.

“Public Health Importance of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Animals.” Applied Journal of Hygiene 9(1): 1–1 Moti and Desa, “Public Health Importance of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Animals,” Appl. J. Hyg., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.5829/idosi.ajh.2020.01.11.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v5i2.317

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


E-ISSN : 2722-4066

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.